The Authors

Thelma Harms

Director of Curriculum Development Emerita, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Director, Environment Rating Scales, Inc.

Dr. Harms is recognized internationally for her work on assessing care and educational programs for children. Her early experience as Head Teacher of the Harold E. Jones Child Study Center, UC Berkeley for 15 years, and her subsequent role as Director of Curriculum Development at the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute prepared her to serve as lead co-author of the four Environment Rating scales (ECERS, ITERS, FCCERS, and SACERS). Much of her recent training and consultation through the Environment Rating Scales Institute (ERSI) has focused on preparing professionals in the use of the scales for research, technical assistance, training, and program assessment in Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) and similar quality enhancement projects in the United States and abroad.


Debby Cryer

Scientist Emerita, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Director, Environment Rating Scales, Inc.

Dr. Cryer is now retired from the University and works with the Environment Rating Scales Institute. She was a principal investigator for the national study on Cost, Quality and Child Outcomes in Child Care Centers, continued those interests in the European Child Care and Education Study, and has studied the effects of providing continuity of caregiver to infants and toddlers. She regularly provides consultation on establishing quality rating and improvement systems. Dr. Cryer frequently lectures and provides training on the scales, both in the United States and internationally. She is lead author on All About ECERS-Rand All About ITERS-R.


Richard M. Clifford

Senior Scientist Emeritus, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Dr. Clifford has written and consulted extensively on child and family policy issues with special emphasis on the role of government in the provision of early childhood services. In addition, he has done research on early learning environments and their impact on young children. He was one of the principal investigators on the Cost, Quality and Child Outcomes in Child Care Centers study, Co-Director of The National Center for Early Development & Learning, and Co-Director of the companion SWEEP study. He helped establish and served as the first director of the North Carolina Division of Child Development. Dr. Clifford is a past president of the National Association for the Education of Young Children.


Noreen Yazejian

Senior Research Scientist and Lead of the Research and Evaluation Division, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Dr. Yazejian has extensive experience conducting large-scale, multi-site research and evaluation studies exploring questions about early education quality and children’s outcomes, particularly for children living in poverty. Her early childhood research and program evaluation studies have focused on professional development, models of programming birth to 5, home visiting, quality rating and improvement systems, early childhood language and literacy, and the use of data for continuous quality improvement. Her research has been published in Child Development, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, Early Education and Development, Social Policy Report, and NHSA Dialog.